Investment Performance

Variable annuities and mutual funds offered through a retirement plan are intended as long-term investments designed for retirement purposes. Money distributed from a 403(b) plan, 401(a)/(k) plan, or a 457 plan will be taxed as ordinary income in the year the money is distributed. Early withdrawals from a 403(b) plan and a 401(a)/(k) plan, if taken prior to age 59 1/2, will be subject to the IRS 10% premature distribution penalty tax, unless an exception applies. This IRS premature distribution penalty tax does not apply to 457 plans. Account values fluctuate with market conditions, and when surrendered the principal may be worth more or less than the original amount invested.

The performance data quoted represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. For month-end performance which may be lower or higher than the performance data shown please call 800-584-6001. Investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate so that, when sold, an investment may be worth more or less than the original cost.

Voya will assess an annual asset-based service fee of 0.025% to all investment options including balances held in your plans Stability of Principal or Fixed Account. This fee is deducted from your account at a frequency determined by your plan monthly or quarterly and will be pro-rated across balances held in each of the investment options. These returns do not reflect any plan level administrative fees, if applicable; if reflected, returns would be less favorable. Please contact your local representative for more information.

The returns assume reinvestment of all dividends (ordinary income and capital gains) and are net of management fees and other fund operating expenses.

You should consider the investment objectives, risks and charges, and expenses of the funds carefully before investing. The prospectus contains this and other information. Anyone who wishes to obtain a free copy of the fund prospectuses may call their Voya representative or the number above. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing.

Returns less than one year are not annualized. Fund Inception Date is the date of inception for the underlying fund, and is the date used in calculating the periodic returns. This date may also precede the portfolio's inclusion in the product.

Investment Options Asset Class 1 - Mo 3 - Mo YTD 1 - Yr 3 - Yr 5 - Yr 10 - Yr Incept Fund Inception Date Gross Fund Exp %* Net Fund Exp %*
San Jose Stable Value Option - 9905 (1)(3) Stability of Principal 0.20 0.60 0.60 2.49 2.19 2.26 2.34
Fidelity® U.S. Bond Index Fund - D110 Bonds 0.87 -0.73 -0.73 1.67 -2.49 0.33 1.52 03/08/1990 0.03 0.03
Loomis Sayles Core Plus Bond Fund - Class N - 3871 Bonds 1.04 -0.31 -0.31 1.96 -1.99 1.26 2.06 12/30/1994 0.38 0.38
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2020 Trust II CIT - 6829 (2) Asset Allocation 1.73 2.83 2.83 10.41 2.02 5.63 5.68 03/03/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2025 Trust II CIT - 6830 (2) Asset Allocation 2.07 3.85 3.85 12.93 2.77 6.64 6.39 02/29/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2030 Trust II CIT - 6831 (2) Asset Allocation 2.29 4.55 4.55 14.82 3.43 7.44 6.95 03/03/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2035 Trust II CIT - 6832 (2) Asset Allocation 2.48 5.19 5.19 16.37 4.11 8.25 7.51 03/03/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2040 Trust II CIT - 6833 (2) Asset Allocation 2.63 5.81 5.81 17.93 4.75 9.02 8.02 03/03/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2045 Trust II CIT - 6834 (2) Asset Allocation 2.78 6.41 6.41 19.44 5.40 9.78 8.46 03/03/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2050 Trust II CIT - 6835 (2) Asset Allocation 2.92 6.87 6.87 20.50 5.75 10.06 8.59 03/03/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2055 Trust II CIT - 6836 (2) Asset Allocation 2.92 6.86 6.86 20.47 5.76 10.06 8.58 08/31/2010 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2060 Trust II CIT - 6837 (2) Asset Allocation 2.93 6.86 6.86 20.46 5.77 10.07 8.59 03/01/2012 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2065 Trust II CIT - C325 Asset Allocation 2.92 6.86 6.86 20.46 5.76 10.07 9.74 07/07/2017 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement 2070 Trust II CIT - F692 Asset Allocation 2.93 6.89 6.89 20.56 6.85 04/06/2022 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® Target Retirement Income Trust II CIT - 6838 (2) Asset Allocation 1.51 2.11 2.11 8.40 1.24 4.16 4.18 03/03/2008 0.08 0.08
Vanguard® FTSE Social Index Fund - Institutional Shares - 1215 Large Cap Value/Blend 2.57 10.22 10.22 32.26 10.36 15.24 13.34 12/15/2006 0.12 0.12
Vanguard® Institutional Index Fund - Institutional Plus - 1228 Large Cap Value/Blend 3.21 10.55 10.55 29.86 11.47 15.03 12.95 07/07/1997 0.02 0.02
Vanguard® Equity Income Fund - Admiral™ Shares - 7926 Large Cap Value/Blend 5.54 7.81 7.81 18.68 9.87 11.17 10.27 08/13/2001 0.19 0.19
T. Rowe Price Large-Cap Growth Trust - Class D CIT - D652 Large Cap Growth 2.25 13.04 13.04 45.39 8.95 16.65 04/26/2019 0.40 0.40
Vanguard® Mid-Cap Index Fund - Institutional Shares - 1197 Small/Mid/Specialty 4.25 7.86 7.86 20.45 5.72 10.94 9.90 05/21/1998 0.04 0.04
Janus Henderson Enterprise Fund - Class N Shares - 6095 Small/Mid/Specialty 1.86 8.55 8.55 18.13 6.47 11.87 12.71 09/01/1992 0.66 0.66
MFS® Mid Cap Value Fund - Class R6 - 6912 (4) Small/Mid/Specialty 5.11 8.96 8.96 22.30 9.09 11.95 9.41 08/31/2001 0.63 0.62
Vanguard® Small-Cap Index Fund - Institutional Shares - 1198 Small/Mid/Specialty 4.37 7.52 7.52 22.53 3.81 10.00 8.95 07/07/1997 0.04 0.04
Hood River Small-Cap Growth Fund - Retirement Shares - D809 Small/Mid/Specialty 5.59 14.05 14.05 30.50 3.60 15.80 13.17 01/02/2003 0.99 0.99
DFA U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio - Institutional Class - 2566 Small/Mid/Specialty 5.29 4.63 4.63 23.64 9.72 13.19 8.77 02/23/2000 0.29 0.29
Vanguard® Total International Stock Index Fund- Inst Shares - 9772 Global / International 3.04 4.32 4.32 13.00 1.91 6.19 4.48 04/29/1996 0.08 0.08
American Funds EuroPacific Growth Fund® - Class R-6 - 1723 Global / International 3.63 7.44 7.44 13.49 -0.16 6.91 5.58 04/16/1984 0.47 0.47
Vanguard® International Value Fund - Investor Shares - 8633 Global / International 3.09 4.01 4.01 11.20 2.91 6.68 4.20 05/16/1983 0.38 0.38

The risks of investing in small company stocks may include relatively low trading volumes, a greater degree of change in earnings and greater short-term volatility.

Foreign investing involves special risks such as currency fluctuation and public disclosure, as well as economic and political risks.

Some of the Funds invest in securities guaranteed by the U.S. Government as to the timely payment of principal and interest; however, shares of the Funds are not insured nor guaranteed.

High yielding fixed-income securities generally are subject to greater market fluctuations and risks of loss of income and principal than are investments in lower yielding fixed-income securities.

Sector funds may involve greater-than average risk and are often more volatile than funds holding a diversified portfolio of stocks in many industries. Examples include: banking, biotechnology, chemicals, energy, environmental services, natural resources, precious metals, technology, telecommunications, and utilities.

*The Gross Expense Ratios shown do not reflect temporary fee or expense waivers that may be in effect for a fund. The Net Expense Ratios reflect any applicable temporary fee or expense waivers. The performance of a fund with a temporary fee or expense waiver would have been lower if the gross fund fees/expenses listed had been reflected.

(1) Stable Value Options invests in Voya's Stabilizer managed separate account annuity contract, issued by Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company. The contract provides for declared credited interest rates that are set in advance. The declared rates are net of all expenses. Guarantees of principal and interest are based on the claims paying ability of Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company. Stable Value Option is not a registered investment company and is not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This investment option is not part of Separate Account D. The CURRENT rate for the San Jose Stable Value Option Fund 9905- is 2.42%, expressed as an annual effective yield, and is guaranteed not to drop below 2.42% through 06/30/2024. The current rate is net of expenses. The expense for the Stable Value Option is 0.30%.

(2) Vanguard Target Retirement Trusts: Investments in Target Retirement Trusts are subject to the risks of their underlying investments. The year in the fund name refers to the approximate year (the target date) when an investor in the trust would retire and leave the workforce. The trust will gradually shift its emphasis from more aggressive investments to more conservative ones based on its target date. An investment in a Target Retirement Trust is not guaranteed at any time, including on or after the target date. These trust suggestions are based on an estimated retirement age of approximately 65. Should you choose to retire significantly earlier or later, you may want to consider a trust with an asset allocation more appropriate to your particular situation. All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Investments in bonds are subject to interest rate, credit, and inflation risk.

(3) The Investment Option is neither a mutual fund nor part of a Separate Account. The returns listed do not include the impact of contract charges. Please refer to the contract or disclosure book to determine which Fixed Interest Options are available for your specific plan. The Investment Option is offered through Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company.

(4) MFS Mid Cap Value Fund - Class R6: Massachusetts Financial Services Company (MFS) has agreed in writing to waive at least 0.01% of the fund's management fee as part of an agreement pursuant to which MFS has agreed to reduce its management fee by a specified amount if certain MFS mutual fund assets exceed thresholds agreed to by MFS and the fund's Board of Trustees. The agreement to waive at least 0.01% of the management fee will continue until modified by the fund's Board of Trustees, but such agreement will continue until at least January 31, 2024.